By TIM FAULKNER/ecoRI News staff
 |
| Where Quonnie once was |
PROVIDENCE — Should Rhode Island be moving faster to address sea-level rise and other threats from climate change? According to at least one economic policy expert, it’s better and cheaper to act now.
“It’s a real economic threat,” said James Neuman, an economist
with the Cambridge, Mass.-based Industrial Economics Incorporated.
The costs of inaction increases by millions and billions,
according to Neuman. Delaying climate adaptation-projects is not a sound
investment, he said.
“You get more bang for your buck by actually taking action now
before the worst effects are seen,” Neuman said during a Feb. 25 meeting of a
House commission studying the economic effects of flooding and sea-level rise.
Large-scale projects are likely inevitable, or are at least worthy
of serious consideration, Neuman said, because sea-level rise can’t be held
back in a significant way. Meanwhile, billions of dollars worth of property are
threatened by storm surges, erosion and flooding.
Recent predictions indicate
that Rhode Island is facing 7 feet of sea-level rise by 2100. The higher waters
would likely submerge large sections of coastal communities, including portions
of Providence.
Neuman, who is a lead author on the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the 2014 National Climate Assessment, spoke of adaptation actions and concepts being considered around the world, such as sea barriers near New York City and Venice, Italy. Local concepts being discussed include a new storm barrier at the entrance to the Port of Providence and barriers at the mouth of Narragansett Bay.
Commission chairwoman, Rep. Lauren Carson, D-Newport, and
committee members expressed a more immediate concern about the lack of back-up
power at the hurricane barrier in Providence.
“In the event of major a hurricane where you’ve got flooding
problems there’s a good chance your going to be losing power, too,” said James
Opaluch, chairman of Coastal Institute at the University of Rhode Island.
Vulnerable assets across the Ocean State include residential and
commercial property, bridges, energy and stormwater infrastructure, natural
habitat, and popular beaches. Paying for protective projects today is the
biggest challenge, Neuman said, because the benefit in money saved might be
decades away.
Studies show that massive engineering projects, such as building a
seawall between New Jersey and Brooklyn, N.Y., have little immediate benefit
under current climate conditions, while higher seas expected by 2050 make the
project worthwhile.
Climate change is a real economic threat to Rhode Island and
adaptation is one of the most cost-effective options, especially in densely
populated areas, according to Neuman.
“But you should also understand you are not going to be able to
adapt to all of climate change," he said. "No matter what you do
there are going to be residual risks — things you just can’t adapt to."
Not all storms and floods can be contained. “Some of those things
will still remain even if you take the most aggressive adaptation action,”
Neuman said. “It’s less expensive to move early on these things than to suffer
the damages."
Neuman suggested that policymakers take a philosophical approach
to setting adaptation goals, such as deciding if it’s more important to protect
each property or embrace the broader aim of protecting Rhode Island’s overall
economy and way of life.
Making it happen
A do-nothing approach will likely cause insurance premiums to increase and businesses to fail, Neuman said. This option might be suitable in high-risk areas, but is largely too precarious for an entire state, he noted.
Instead, explaining the dynamics of insurance rates lets property
owners know the risks they face and compels them and municipalities to begin
adapting. Special tax programs and districts can also help fund larger
adaptation projects, Neuman said.
Federal funds might be available to protect trade centers, such as
the shipping terminal in Providence. But beginning with smaller green
infrastructure pilot projects might create awareness and spawn other projects,
he added.
Neuman concluded that Rhode Island is prepared to act because of
well-defined regulations, strong risk-assessment tools, and effective
cooperation between the government, academia and the private sector. He noted
such examples as a real estate property owners guide and mapping tools for sea-level rise.
“It’s your advantage of being small,” he said.
Although these adaptation projects will be expensive, the urgency
is sinking in among some Rhode Islanders, Carson said. “I think people are
starting to realize they have to figure out a way to come grips with the
water," she said.
The findings of the commission will focus on Newport, Providence
and Westerly. A report is expected to be presented to the House of
Representatives by April 15.