Reducing food waste could help mitigate climate change
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
About a tenth of overall global greenhouse-gas emissions from agriculture could be traced back to food waste by mid-century, a new study shows.
A team from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research for the
first time provides comprehensive food loss projections for countries around
the world while also calculating the associated emissions.
Currently, one third of global food production never finds its way onto
our plates. This share will increase drastically, if emerging countries like
China and India adopt Western nutrition lifestyles, the analyses shows.
Reducing food waste would offer the chance to ensure food security, which
is well known. Yet at the same time it could help mitigate dangerous climate
change.
“Reducing food waste can contribute to fighting hunger, but to some extent also prevent climate impacts like more intense weather extremes and sea-level rise,” lead author Ceren Hic says.
Even though food
availability on a global average has been higher than required in theory, some
developing countries still have to fight undernourishment or hunger.
“At the same time,
agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20
Percent of overall global greenhouse-gas emissions in 2010. Avoiding food loss
and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse-gas emissions and help
mitigate climate change,” co-author Prajal Pradhan explains.
The researchers analyzed body types and food requirements for the past and different future scenarios, accounting for demographic changes as well as food demand and availability and associated emissions.
The researchers analyzed body types and food requirements for the past and different future scenarios, accounting for demographic changes as well as food demand and availability and associated emissions.
They found that while
the global average food demand per person remains almost constant, in the last
five decades already food availability has rapidly increased.
“More importantly, food
availability and requirement ratio show a linear relationship with human
development, indicating that richer countries consume more food than is healthy
or simply waste it,” Pradhan adds.
Consequently,
greenhouse-gas emissions associated with food waste could increase tremendously
from today 0.5 to 1.9-2.5 Gigatons of CO2 equivalents per year by 2050,
the study shows.
Emissions
from agriculture will become more and more important
Due to an unbridled
demographic growth and lifestyle changes, emissions from agriculture alone are
expected to rise by up to 18 Gigatons of CO2 equivalents by 2050, previous
research already showed.
“Thus, emissions related
to discarded food are just the tip of the iceberg,“ Prajal Pradhan explains.
“However, it is quite astounding that up to 14 percent of overall
agricultural emissions in 2050 could easily be avoided by a better management
of food utilisation and distribution. Changing individual behavior could be one
key towards mitigating the climate crisis.“
“Currently, 1.3 billion tons of food per year are discarded,” explains Jürgen Kropp, co-author and deputy chair of PIK research domain Climate Impacts and Vulnerabilities.
“Currently, 1.3 billion tons of food per year are discarded,” explains Jürgen Kropp, co-author and deputy chair of PIK research domain Climate Impacts and Vulnerabilities.
While food losses occur
mostly in developing countries due to less efficient agricultural
infrastructures, food waste in contrast is common in rich countries.
“As many emerging
economies like China or India are projected to rapidly increase their food
waste as a consequence of changing lifestyle, increasing welfare and dietary
habits towards a larger share of animal-based products, this could over
proportionally increase greenhouse-gas emissions associated with food waste –
at the same time undermining efforts for an ambitious climate protection.”
How can the food supply chain be made smarter and more efficient, and are consumers to be convinced to reduce food waste?
How can the food supply chain be made smarter and more efficient, and are consumers to be convinced to reduce food waste?
Issues like these
require further research, but the study sheds light on the complex interplay of
food security and climate change that will become even more important in a
future that will have to feed around 10 billion people.
“Avoiding food loss
could pose a leverage to various challenges at once, reducing environmental
impacts of agriculture, saving resources used in food production, and enhance
local, regional, and global food security,” Kropp says.
References
Article: Hic, C., Pradhan, P., Rybski, D., Kropp, J.P. (2016): Food Surplus and Its Climate Burden. Environ. Sci. Technol. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05088]
Link to the article: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b05088
A previous study on the subject: Pradhan, P., Reusser, D., Kropp, J.P. (2013): Embodied greenhouse gas emissions in diets. PlosOne 8(5): e62228. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062228]