Can We Avoid a Climate
Dystopia?
It is official as of November 4, 2016: The Paris Agreement, adopted last December by 195 nations, comes into force.
The process displays a political will rarely seen within
the global community. Throughout the decades-long effort leading up to the
Paris Agreement, fractious disunity, distrust, and disappointment has been the
general order.
What happened leading up to Paris, the two-week COP21 conference last year, and the rapid pace
from signed draft to international law gives reason for hope. But hope is not
enough, even when codified by treaty.
As the following press statement from the UNFCCC says, we must
temper hope and celebration with reality.
The next few years may well determine the fate of civilization
for generations to come; our “last chance” to
contain warming within acceptable limits, according to the latest UN Emissions Gap report.
For years now, the narrative from advocates of climate change action has been that “the time is now.” That was the message at COP15 in 2009 and was met with bitter disappointment. But this time “now” is very real.
Even our best efforts are likely to overshoot any hope of
slowing warming to 1.5°, considered the “sweet spot” for containing climate
change. Without “huge reductions” in
emissions within the next few years, we are on track to 2.9°-3.4° of warming.
We will have resolutely pushed our world out of the Holocene, the epoch in which humanity has existed
relatively comfortably for thousands of years. It is all we have known. It will
be a stranger, harsher world we leave for all who follow.
So hold onto hope. But we all must now face reality. Right now.
Paris Agreement Enters into
Force – Celebration and Reality Check
By Patricia Espinosa, UNFCCC Executive Secretary
and Salaheddine Mezouar, President of COP22 and Minister of Foreign
Affairs and Cooperation of the Kingdom of Morocco
Marrakech, Morocco – Humanity will look back on November 4, 2016, as the day that countries of the world
shut the door on inevitable climate disaster and set off with determination
towards a sustainable future.
The Paris Climate Change Agreement – the result of the most
complex, comprehensive and critical international climate negotiation ever
attempted – came into force today.
The Agreement is undoubtedly a turning point in the history of
common human endeavor, capturing the combined political, economic and social
will of governments, cities, regions, citizens, business and investors to
overcome the existential threat of unchecked climate change.
Its early entry into force is a clear political signal that all
the nations of the world are devoted to decisive global action on climate
change.
Next week’s UN climate change conference in Marrakech represents
a new departure for the international community, and the first meeting of the
Paris Agreement’s governing body, known as the CMA, will take place during it
on November 15.
This is a moment to celebrate. It is also a moment to look ahead
with sober assessment and renewed will over the task ahead.
In a short time – and certainly in the next 15 years – we need
to see unprecedented reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and unequaled
efforts to build societies that can resist rising climate impacts.
The timetable is pressing because globally greenhouse gas
emissions which drive climate change and its impacts are not yet falling – a
fact which the Marrakech meeting must have at the front of its concerns and
collective resolve.
The World Meteorological Organization has now confirmed that the
average global concentration in the atmosphere of the main greenhouse gas,
carbon dioxide, reached the symbolic and significant milestone of 400 parts per
million for the first time in 2015 and broke new records in 2016.
This means that the world is not nearly on track to meet the
Paris Agreement’s primary goal to limit global warming well below 2°C and as
close to 1.5°C as possible to prevent dangerous climate tipping points, beyond
which we may lose the ability to control the outcome.
Paris delivered a gift of hope for every man, woman and child on
the planet. Yet today’s celebration can also rest on the assurance that the
policies, technology and finance to achieve these goals not only exist, but are
being deployed as never before.
The Paris Agreement swept into force on an unprecedented wave of
action and pledges to build a global renewable energy industry, clean up
existing power, production, construction and agricultural sectors and
re-engineer economies and societies to be more resilient to the climate impacts
already in the system.
Our collective ability to enact rapid change has changed for
good because of the Paris Agreement, and particularly for the following
reasons:
In Paris, Governments formally accepted
to lead climate action and presented a global set of national plans
for immediate action, pledging never to lower efforts and to raise their
ambition over time. They are now accountable and have the means to drive change
even faster through more, stronger, climate-friendly policies and incentives.
Within a few short years –ideally no later than 2018 –
governments and parties will have completed the details
of a rulebook which will measure, account for and review global climate action. This
will ensure transparency on all sides needed to accelerate climate action by
making sure that everyone is involved in the effort and is delivering to the
best of their abilities.
Furthermore, Governments agreed to strengthen adequate technology
and financial support to developing nations so they can build their
own sustainable, clean energy futures.
Finally and importantly, non-party stakeholders are
showing increased interest and commitment to lowering the carbon emissions and
supporting governments and parties in their fight against the dire effects of
climate change.
We expect the Marrakech COP 22 conference to accelerate work on
the rulebook and to see emerge a definable pathway for developed countries to
materialize the flow of USD $100 billion per year by 2020 in support of climate
action by developing ones.
Very large-scale reallocations of investment are necessary. UN
estimates show that achieving sustainable development will require USD $5-7
trillion a year, a large slice of which must fund the transition to a
low-carbon, resilient world economy.
To fulfill these investment needs, we will
need to look at creative funding options, beyond the traditional ones and in
which both public and private sector flows are aligned and scaled-up.
This, too, is happening but needs to speed up. UN data show
global financial flows over the past few years ratcheting up to the point where
one trillion dollars a year should be achievable in the near future. This means
governments, the multilateral and the private sector raising and allocating
tens of billions of dollars at a time towards climate investments.
The foundations of the Paris Agreement are solid and other key
features of humanity’s new home are starting to rise. Yet, we cannot and we
must not rest until the roof is in place. This November in Marrakesh we will
make sure it will be in place, sooner rather than later.