Ban
on trans fats in diet may reduce heart attacks and stroke
By
Ziba Kashef, Yale University YaleNews
People living in areas that restrict trans fats in foods had
fewer hospitalizations for heart attack and stroke compared to residents in
areas without restrictions, according to a study led by a Yale researcher. This finding suggests the benefit of limiting trans fats could have widespread impact as trans fat restrictions are set to expand nationwide.
The study was published April 12 in JAMA Cardiology.
Trans fatty acids, or trans fats, are commonly found in foods
such as chips, crackers, fried foods, and baked goods. Minimal amounts of trans
fat intake are linked to greater risk of cardiovascular disease, the leading
cause of death worldwide.
In recent years, localities like New York City enacted policies to reduce trans fats in restaurants and other eateries. In 2018, an FDA ban on partially hydrogenated oil in foods, which will nearly eliminate dietary trans fat, takes effect nationwide.
In recent years, localities like New York City enacted policies to reduce trans fats in restaurants and other eateries. In 2018, an FDA ban on partially hydrogenated oil in foods, which will nearly eliminate dietary trans fat, takes effect nationwide.
To study the impact of restricting trans fats, Dr. Eric Brandt
and his co-authors compared outcomes for people living in New York counties with
and without the restrictions. Using data from the state department of health
and census estimates between 2002 and 2013, the researchers focused on hospital
admissions for heart attack and stroke.
They found that three or more years after the restrictions were
implemented, people living in areas with restrictions had significantly fewer
hospitalizations for heart attack and stroke based on trends in similarly urban
areas without the restrictions. The decline for the combined conditions was
6.2%.
“It is a pretty substantial decline,” said Brandt, a clinical
fellow in cardiovascular medicine at Yale School of Medicine. “Our study
highlights the power of public policy to impact the cardiovascular health of a
population. Trans fats are deleterious for cardiovascular health, and
minimizing or eliminating them from the diet can substantially reduce rates of
heart attack and stroke.”
The study results point to the possibility of much more
widespread benefit as the FDA’s measure — which restricts trans fats in all
food — are due to take effect in 2018, said Brandt.
“Even though some companies have reduced the amount of trans fat
in food, current FDA labeling guidelines allow up to 0.49 grams of trans fat
per serving to be labeled as 0 grams, leaving consumers to scour labels for
hidden trans fats, usually labeled as partially hydrogenated oils.
With the upcoming FDA regulation, people need not be so vigilant. A nationwide trans fat ban is a win for the millions of people at risk for cardiovascular disease,” he said.
With the upcoming FDA regulation, people need not be so vigilant. A nationwide trans fat ban is a win for the millions of people at risk for cardiovascular disease,” he said.
Other study authors are Rebecca Myerson, Marcelo Coca
Perraillon, and Tamar S. Polonsky.
This research was supported by the American Medical Association
Seed Grant Research Program and the National Center for Advancing Translational
Sciences of the National Institutes of Health.