'Ballistic missile
threat inbound' text message made people verify and check what others were
doing
University of Georgia
When Hawaiian Island
residents received a false alarm text message that said "Ballistic missile
threat inbound to Hawaii. Seek immediate shelter. This is not a drill," in
January 2018, the result was not panic, according to new research from the
University of Georgia.
A team of researchers
analyzed the unprecedented event -- a text that was announced as a false alarm
38 minutes later -- to better understand how people react in the face of a
potentially catastrophic event. What they found was that people sought
information that could verify their risk and help them decide what to do next.
They asked island
residents to respond to questions about their perceived level of risk, what
actions they took after seeing the warning, and whether the false alarm
affected their trust in future warnings.
Most respondents, they found, didn't seek immediate shelter, but instead spent time looking for more information about the incoming attack. This behavior is known among disaster researchers as "social milling."
"It's getting a
sense of what other people are doing," said Sarah DeYoung," an
assistant professor in the Institute for Disaster Management at UGA's College
of Public Health.
"Social milling means, let's see what's going on, observing the scene but also checking in with others."
"Social milling means, let's see what's going on, observing the scene but also checking in with others."
When people are
milling, she said, they are more likely to find the information they need to
make the best decision about what to do. Respondents said they looked to major
news outlets and social media to corroborate the alert message.
Social media played a
key role in helping to spread the word about the false alarm. Hawaiian
congressional leader Tulsi Gabbard was quick to tweet the warning was an error,
and 16 percent of respondents said they saw and shared the tweet.
"There was a
spillover effect of social media that went beyond people who follow it,"
said DeYoung, the study author. "And it also speaks to the value of
following social media because those people who did were able to deliver that
message to their immediate network of people."
In the days following
the false alarm, respondents reported feeling a mix of emotions. Among feelings
of trauma and anger, some respondents also said they didn't trust their local
government to handle future emergencies.
The good news for
emergency managers and local government, said DeYoung, is that broader findings
from disaster research says that false alarms generally don't cause people to
disregard future alarms, but she added that respondents in her study said
they'd be more likely to trust future tsunami warnings than future missile
warnings.
DeYoung said the way
to overcome doubt about future emergencies is to send out official warning
messages across more platforms than the wireless emergency alert system.
"People wanted
multiple cues to validate the warning," she said, "so in order to
increase belief and trust in the warning, it should go across multiple
channels."
