Study
Suggests Twitter Bots Have 'Substantial Impact' on Spreading Climate
Misinformation
 |
| Source: https://www.dizzain.com |
Brown University
researchers "found that bots tended to applaud the president for his
actions and spread misinformation about the science," according to the Guardian,
which first reported on the draft study Friday.
"Bots are a type of software that can be directed to autonomously tweet, retweet, like, or direct message on Twitter, under the guise of a human-fronted account."
"Bots are a type of software that can be directed to autonomously tweet, retweet, like, or direct message on Twitter, under the guise of a human-fronted account."
As the Guardian summarized:
On an average day
during the period studied, 25% of all tweets about the climate crisis came from
bots. This proportion was higher in certain topics—bots were responsible for
38% of tweets about "fake science" and 28% of all tweets about the
petroleum giant Exxon.
Conversely, tweets
that could be categorized as online activism to support action on the climate
crisis featured very few bots, at about 5% prevalence.
The findings "suggest that bots are not just prevalent, but disproportionately so in topics that were supportive of Trump's announcement or skeptical of climate science and action," the analysis states.
The findings "suggest that bots are not just prevalent, but disproportionately so in topics that were supportive of Trump's announcement or skeptical of climate science and action," the analysis states.
More broadly, the
study adds, "these findings suggest a substantial impact of mechanized
bots in amplifying denialist messages about climate change, including support
for Trump's withdrawal from the Paris agreement."
Thomas Marlow, the Brown Ph.D. candidate who led the study, told the Guardian that his team decided to conduct the research because they were "always kind of wondering why there's persistent levels of denial about something that the science is more or less settled on."
Marlow expressed surprise that a full quarter of climate-related tweets were from bots. "I was like, 'Wow that seems really high,'" he said.
In response to
the Guardian report, some climate action advocacy groups
reassured followers that their tweets are written by humans.
Other climate
organizations that shared the Guardian's report on Twitter weren't
surprised by the results of the new research:
"The Brown
University study wasn't able to identify any individuals or groups behind the
battalion of Twitter bots, nor ascertain the level of influence they have had
around the often fraught climate debate," the Guardian noted.
"However, a number of suspected bots that have consistently disparaged climate science and activists have large numbers of followers on Twitter."
"However, a number of suspected bots that have consistently disparaged climate science and activists have large numbers of followers on Twitter."
Cognitive scientist
John Cook, who has studied online climate
misinformation, told the Guardian that bots are
"dangerous and potentially influential" because previous research has
shown "not just that misinformation is convincing to people but that just
the mere existence of misinformation in social networks can cause people to
trust accurate information less or disengage from the facts."
As Cook, a research assistant professor at the Center for Climate Change Communication at George Mason University, put it: "This is one of the most insidious and dangerous elements of misinformation spread by bots."
Naomi Oreskes is a
Harvard University professor and science historian who also has studied climate
misinformation, including an October 2019 report (pdf) co-authored by Cook about
the fossil fuel industry's decades of efforts to mislead the American public.
In a tweet Friday, Oreskes called the new research "important work" but added "I wish they'd published it before going to the media."
In a tweet Friday, Oreskes called the new research "important work" but added "I wish they'd published it before going to the media."
The Guardian report on Marlow and his colleagues' analysis came just a few months after the Trump administration formally began the one-year process of withdrawing from the Paris accord, which critics said sent "a signal to the world that there will be no leadership from the U.S. federal government on the climate crisis—a catastrophic message in a moment of great urgency."
The findings also came
about a month after the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists issued a historic warning
about the risk of global catastrophe by setting the Doomsday Clock at 100
seconds to midnight.
The bulletin warned in its statement announcing the clock's new time that "humanity continues to face two simultaneous existential dangers—nuclear war and climate change—that are compounded by a threat multiplier, cyber-enabled information warfare, that undercuts society's ability to respond."
The bulletin warned in its statement announcing the clock's new time that "humanity continues to face two simultaneous existential dangers—nuclear war and climate change—that are compounded by a threat multiplier, cyber-enabled information warfare, that undercuts society's ability to respond."
"Focused
attention is needed to prevent information technology from undermining public
trust in political institutions, in the media, and in the existence of
objective reality itself," the bulletin added.
"Cyber-enabled information warfare is a threat to the common good. Deception campaigns—and leaders intent on blurring the line between fact and politically motivated fantasy—are a profound threat to effective democracies, reducing their ability to address nuclear weapons, climate change, and other existential dangers."
"Cyber-enabled information warfare is a threat to the common good. Deception campaigns—and leaders intent on blurring the line between fact and politically motivated fantasy—are a profound threat to effective democracies, reducing their ability to address nuclear weapons, climate change, and other existential dangers."
