One a day can actually improve heart health
The findings suggest that eating up to one egg per day may help
lower the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
Eggs are a rich source of dietary cholesterol, but they also contain a variety of essential nutrients. There is conflicting evidence as to whether egg consumption is beneficial or harmful to heart health.
A 2018 study published in the journal Heart, which included approximately half a million adults in China, found that those who ate eggs daily (about one egg per day) had a substantially lower risk of heart disease and stroke than those who ate eggs less frequently*.
Now, to better understand this relationship, the authors
of this work have carried out a population-based study exploring how egg
consumption affects markers of cardiovascular health in the blood.
"Few studies have looked at the role that plasma
cholesterol metabolism plays in the association between egg consumption and the
risk of cardiovascular diseases, so we wanted to help address this gap,"
explains first author Lang Pan, MSc at the Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Pan and the team selected 4,778 participants from the China
Kadoorie Biobank, of whom 3,401 had a cardiovascular disease and 1,377 did not.
They used a technique called targeted nuclear magnetic resonance to measure 225
metabolites in plasma samples taken from the participants' blood. Of these
metabolites, they identified 24 that were associated with self-reported levels
of egg consumption.
Their analyses showed that individuals who ate a moderate amount
of eggs had higher levels of a protein in their blood called apolipoprotein A1-
a building-block of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), also known as 'good
lipoprotein'. These individuals especially had more large HDL molecules in
their blood, which help clear cholesterol from the blood vessels and thereby
protect against blockages that can lead to heart attacks and stroke.
The researchers further identified 14 metabolites that are
linked to heart disease. They found that participants who ate fewer eggs had
lower levels of beneficial metabolites and higher levels of harmful ones in
their blood, compared to those who ate eggs more regularly.
"Together, our results provide a potential explanation for
how eating a moderate amount of eggs can help protect against heart
disease," says author Canqing Yu, Associate Professor at the Department of
Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University. "More studies are
needed to verify the causal roles that lipid metabolites play in the
association between egg consumption and the risk of cardiovascular
disease."
"This study may also have implications for Chinese national dietary guidelines," adds senior author Liming Li, Boya Distinguished Professor at the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University. "Current health guidelines in China suggest eating one egg a day, but data indicate that the average consumption is lower than this. Our work highlights the need for more strategies to encourage moderate egg consumption among the population, to help lower the overall risk of cardiovascular disease."vided by eLife. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.