Could a banana a day keep the cancer doc away?
By NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY
An international trial revealed that a regular dose of resistant starch, also known as fermentable fiber, taken for an average of two years, did not affect cancers in the bowel but did reduce cancers in other parts of the body by more than half.
This effect was particularly pronounced for upper gastrointestinal
cancers including oesophageal, gastric, biliary tract, pancreatic, and duodenum
cancers. The trial – known as CAPP2 – involved almost 1000 patients with Lynch
syndrome from around the world.
Moreover,
the astonishing effect was seen to last for 10 years after stopping taking the
supplement.
The study is a planned double-blind 10-year follow–up, supplemented with comprehensive national cancer registry data for up to 20 years in 369 of the participants. The research was led by experts at the Universities of Newcastle and Leeds and published on July 25, 2022, in Cancer Prevention Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Previous research published as part of the same trial
revealed that aspirin reduced cancer of the large bowel by 50%.
“We
found that resistant starch reduces a range of cancers by over 60%. The effect
was most obvious in the upper part of the gut,” explained Professor John
Mathers, professor of Human Nutrition at Newcastle University. “This is
important as cancers of the upper GI tract are difficult to diagnose and often
are not caught early on.
“Resistant
starch can be taken as a powder supplement and is found naturally in peas,
beans, oats, and other starchy foods. The dose used in the trial is equivalent
to eating a daily banana; before they become too ripe and soft, the starch in
bananas resists breakdown and reaches the bowel where it can change the type of
bacteria that live there.
“Resistant
starch is a type of carbohydrate that isn’t digested in your small intestine,
instead it ferments in your large intestine, feeding beneficial gut bacteria –
it acts in effect, like dietary fiber in your digestive system. This type of
starch has several health benefits and fewer calories than regular starch. We
think that resistant starch may reduce cancer development by changing the
bacterial metabolism of bile acids and to reduce those types of bile acids that
can damage our DNA and eventually cause cancer.
However, this needs further research.”
Professor
Sir John Burn, from Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust who ran the trial with Professor Mathers, said: “When we started the
studies over 20 years ago, we thought that people with a genetic predisposition
to colon cancer could help us to test whether we could reduce the risk of
cancer with either aspirin or resistant starch.
“Patients
with Lynch syndrome are high risk as they are more likely to develop cancers so
finding that aspirin can reduce the risk of large bowel cancers and resistant
starch other cancers by half is vitally important.
“Based
on our trial, NICE now recommends Aspirin for people at high genetic risk of
cancer, the benefits are clear – aspirin and resistant starch work.”
Long term study
Nearly
1000 participants between 1999 and 2005 began either taking resistant starch in
a powder form every day for two years or aspirin or a placebo.
At
the end of the treatment stage, there was no overall difference between those
who had taken resistant starch or aspirin and those who had not. However, the
research team anticipated a longer-term effect and designed the study for
further follow-up.
There
were just 5 new cases of upper GI cancers among the 463 participants who had
taken the resistant starch compared with 21 among the 455 who were on the
placebo in the period of follow-up.
The
team is now leading the international trial, CaPP3, with more than 1,800 people
with Lynch syndrome enrolled to look at whether smaller, safer doses of aspirin
can be used to help reduce the cancer risk.
Reference:
“Cancer Prevention with Resistant Starch in Lynch Syndrome Patients in the
CAPP2-Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial: Planned 10-Year Follow-up” by John
C. Mathers, Faye Elliott, Finlay Macrae, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Gabriela Möslein
Fiona E. McRonald, Lucio Bertario, D. Gareth Evans, Anne-Marie Gerdes, Judy
W.C. Ho, Annika Lindblom, Patrick J. Morrison, Jem Rashbass, Raj S. Ramesar,
Toni T. Seppälä, Huw J.W. Thomas, Harsh J. Sheth, Kirsi Pylvänäinen, Lynn Reed,
Gillian M. Borthwick, D. Timothy Bishop and John Burn on behalf of the CAPP2
Investigators, 25 July 2022, Cancer Prevention Research.
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-22-0044
The
research is funded by Cancer Research UK, the European Commission, Medical
Research Council, and the National Institute for Health Research.