State Cautions Public to Prevent Mosquito Bites
As was the case with the first and second WNV findings which DEM announced earlier this month, the third sample also was collected in Westerly.
Overall, DEM collected 155 samples of mosquitoes from 32 traps set statewide on August 15. All other samples tested negative for WNV and Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE).
To date, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has announced 82 WNV findings, and the State of Connecticut has announced 50 findings of WNV. These WNV findings in mosquitoes are expected because mosquito-borne diseases become more prevalent in Southern New England as the summer progresses.
WNV has become firmly established throughout North America, in both urban and rural settings. Although WNV has now been detected three times from trap sites in Westerly, state officials stress that at this stage of mosquito season, it is likely present in mosquitoes statewide.
To date, Connecticut has confirmed one human case of WNV and neither Rhode Island, Massachusetts, nor Connecticut have reported any findings of EEE in mosquitoes, humans, or animals. Although extremely rare in humans, EEE is very serious and has a much higher human mortality rate than WNV.
WNV is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the continental United States and is much more prevalent than EEE. Cases of WNV occur during mosquito season, which starts in the summer and continues through fall. There are no vaccines to prevent or medications to treat WNV in people.
Fortunately, most people
infected with WNV do not feel sick. About one in five people who are infected
develop a fever and other symptoms. About one out of 150 infected people
develop a serious, sometimes fatal, illness. DEM and RIDOH advise Rhode
Islanders to reduce their exposure to mosquitoes until the first hard
frost. (A hard frost is when the air and the ground freeze below 32°F for
three hours or below 28°F for two hours.)
The Asian Tiger Mosquito has become prevalent in Rhode Island urban
environments, and it has become common again this season. It is notable as a
daytime biter encountered in shaded backyards. It has a striking black and
white pattern evident to the naked eye. It develops from eggs laid in
artificial containers, so residents are urged to remove standing water from
containers such as buckets, pots, wheelbarrows, boats,
and pools. Clogged rain gutters and puddles formed on tarps also can support
the larvae of this species. The Asian Tiger Mosquito is known to transmit
several diseases, including WNV.
Personal protection is the first line of defense against mosquitoes that may
carry WNV, EEE, or other diseases – and the most effective way to avoid
infection. The following precautions are advised.
Protect
yourself
·
Put screens on windows and doors. Fix screens that are
loose or have holes.
·
At sunrise and sundown (when mosquitoes that carry EEE are
most active), consider rescheduling outdoor activities that occur during
evening or early morning. If you must be outside, wear long-sleeved shirts and
long pants and use bug spray.
·
Use EPA-approved bug spray with one of the following active
ingredients: DEET (20-30%
strength), picaridin, IR3535, and oil of lemon eucalyptus or paramenthane.
Always read the label and follow all directions and precautions.
·
Do not use bug spray with DEET on infants under two months
of age. Check the product label to find the concentration of DEET in a product.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that repellents should contain no
more than 30% DEET when used on children. Children should be careful not to rub
their eyes after bug spray has been applied on their skin. Wash children’s’
hands with soap and water to remove any bug spray when they return indoors.
·
Put mosquito netting over playpens and baby carriages.
Remove
mosquito breeding grounds
·
Remove items around your house and yard that collect water.
Just one cup of water can produce hundreds of mosquitoes; an unused tire
containing water can produce thousands of mosquitoes.
·
Clean your gutters and downspouts so that they can drain
properly.
·
Remove any water from unused swimming pools, wading pools,
boats, planters, trash and recycling bins, tires, and anything else that
collects water, and cover them.
·
Remove or treat any shallow water that can accumulate on
top of a pool cover. Larvicide treatments, such as Mosquito Dunks can be applied to kill
immature mosquitoes. This environmentally friendly product is available at many
hardware and garden stores and online.
·
Clean and change water in birdbaths at least once a week.
Best
practices for horse owners
Horses
are particularly susceptible to WNV and EEE. Horse owners are advised to
vaccinate their animals early in the season and practice the following:
·
Remove or cover areas where standing water can collect.
·
Avoid putting animals outside at dawn, dusk, or during the
night when mosquitoes are most active.
·
Insect-proof facilities where possible and use approved
repellents frequently.
·
Monitor animals for symptoms of fever and/or neurological
signs (such as stumbling, moodiness, loss of appetite) and report all
suspicious cases to a veterinarian immediately. If you are unsure if your horse
is properly vaccinated, you should consult with your veterinarian.
Visit health.ri.gov/mosquito for additional
mosquito prevention tips, videos, and local data. Mosquitoes are trapped weekly
by DEM and tested at the RIDOH State Health Laboratories. DEM issues
advisories on test results from June through September, with additional
reports as necessary. Typically, positive test results trigger additional
trapping to assess risk.
For
more information on DEM programs and initiatives, visit www.dem.ri.gov.
Follow DEM on Facebook, Twitter (@RhodeIslandDEM), or
Instagram (@rhodeisland.dem) for timely updates.
