EPA moves to limit frequent chemical accidents
Hundreds of chemical facilities around the
US must implement new procedures to try to better safeguard communities from
accidents that are happening with alarming frequency and jeopardizing human and
environmental health, regulators said this week.
New measures announced Friday by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) require industrial operators to “prevent
accidental releases of dangerous chemicals that could otherwise cause deaths
and injuries, damage property and the environment, or require surrounding
communities to evacuate or shelter-in-place.”
The final rule, which amends the EPA’s Risk Management Program (RMP) that applies to plants dealing with hazardous chemicals, asks facilities to evaluate the risks of natural hazards and climate change, makes information about chemical hazards more accessible for people living near these facilities. The rule also allows for plant employees to stop working when they think there is a potential hazard.
The new requirements are
expected to reduce the frequency and severity of accidents, building on
revisions proposed in 2022. They provide the most protective safety provisions
for chemical facilities in the EPA’s history, EPA deputy administrator Janet
McCabe said on a press call.
Accidental releases of chemicals from
industrial facilities cost the US more than $540 million each year, McCabe said
on the press call, not including major catastrophes that can individually cost
much more.
Almost daily disasters
Many industry organizations opposed the new
requirements, including the US Chamber of Commerce, the American Chemistry
Council, the American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers and the American
Petroleum Institute, among others. The groups argued that most facilities
operate safely and new rules could hurt industry ability to supply essential
goods and services.
But community and worker advocacy groups
demanded EPA action. And pressure ramped up on the EPA last year after a
network of environmental and economic justice organizations reported that
hazardous chemical accidents have been occurring almost every day, on
average, in the United States, exposing people to dangerous toxins through
fires, explosions, leaks, spills and other types of releases.
The network applauded the EPA’s actions
this week.
“We’re glad that EPA stood its ground
despite strong industry pressure and required more [Risk Management Program]
facilities to report on safer chemicals and processes that could be implemented
to prevent chemical disasters,” Maya Nye, federal policy director for the
environmental health collaborative Coming Clean, said in a press release. “This
establishes an important precedent.”
The Coming Clean report found hundreds of
accidents happening each year, with the majority tied to the fossil fuel
industry. Acknowledging the frequency of incidents, the EPA previously told The New Lede that
over the past 10 years the agency has “performed an average of 235 emergency
response actions per year, including responses to discharges of hazardous
chemicals or oil.”
Overall, there are close to 12,000
facilities across the nation that house “extremely hazardous chemicals” in
amounts that could be harmful if accidentally released, according to a Government Accountability Office (GAO) report.
The final rule will require about 1,489 of
those facilities to conduct new evaluations of how feasible it would be to
switch to safer technologies.
Of those, the EPA expects 620 facilities
that are more “accident-prone” will be required to implement some type of
safeguard as a “great first step,” Bill Noggle, acting director of the Office
of Emergency Management’s Regulations Implementation Division, said on the
press call.
“We think we’ve got the right mix where
we’re targeting the right industry sectors with higher accident frequency,”
Noggle said.
Explosions, fires and leaks
The EPA cited as an example a 2019 explosion and fire at Port
Neches, Texas, which the agency said resulted in the evacuation of
50,000 people, the largest number of evacuees in history. The incident also led
to $153 million in offsite property damage.
In August, a chemical leak and fire at a petroleum refinery in
Louisiana forced community evacuations. The leak involved a petrochemical used
to make gasoline that can contain cancer-causing benzene.
And in just the first two months of this
year, four chemical-related incidents have occurred in Harris County, Texas,
one of the most heavily populated counties in the country, Jennifer Hadaiya,
executive director of the nonprofit Air Alliance Houston, said on the EPA call.
Among the events – a winter storm forced
oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and other facilities to shut down,
resulting in the release of more than two million pounds of
toxins into the air.
Many recent disasters “could have been
prevented, or their impacts mitigated, if we had had a stronger rule in place,”
said Hadaiya, who grew up along the Houston Ship Channel where many chemical
facilities are located. Air Alliance Houston believes the final rule will save
lives, she said.