Bayer’s new Roundup products appear more toxic than prior formulations, new report asserts
New types of Roundup weed killing products marketed to US
consumers contain chemicals that pose greater health risks to people than prior
formulations suspected of causing cancer, according to an analysis by an environmental health
advocacy group. The report was disputed by Bayer, which called the analysis
“deeply flawed.”
Friends of the Earth (FOE) reported Tuesday it found four
chemicals have recently been added to Roundup products that have been
scientifically shown to cause a variety of health problems, including
reproductive defects, kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurotoxicity.
The analysis comes after the agrochemical company Bayer pledged that
it would remove glyphosate from its popular Roundup herbicide products sold for
residential lawn and garden use starting in 2023.
Bayer, which bought Monsanto in 2018, made the change to
try to curtail the filing of future litigation as it battles thousands of
lawsuits filed against Monsanto by cancer patients who claim they developed
non-Hodgkin lymphoma from using Monsanto’s Roundup and other glyphosate-based
herbicides.
Notably, all four of the added chemicals pose greater risk
of long-term and/or reproductive health problems than does glyphosate, based on
the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) evaluation of safety studies, FOE
said.
Of the four chemicals found in the products – diquat
dibromide, fluazifop-P-butyl, triclopyr, and imazapic – the “worst offender”,
according to FOE, is diquat dibromide. It is 200 times more toxic than
glyphosate when exposure occurs over a long period of time, the group said, and
is banned in the European
Union. It is 27 times more toxic in acute exposures, the group said.
Kendra Klein, FOE deputy director for science and an author of the report, said the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) should be providing stronger oversight.
“People need to realize that the EPA has long put the
profits of companies like Bayer ahead of their health when it comes to
pesticides,” Klein said. “And now, they’ve allowed Bayer to quietly swap out
the chemicals in Roundup, making it far more toxic to people’s health, without
changing the packaging or warning consumers of the increased risks.”
Bayer said the report was factually wrong and out of
line with regulatory assessments for measuring risk.
In a statement, the company said: “A recent, deeply
flawed report contains false claims about the active ingredients in Roundup
Lawn & Garden products. The active ingredients in all Roundup Lawn &
Garden products have been thoroughly studied, reviewed and approved by
independent experts at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and used
safely and effectively in many different weed-control products from a variety
of companies for decades. The report reaches its misleading conclusion through
a methodology that is entirely inconsistent with how leading regulatory and
health experts measure risk in how people use these products in the real world
and in accordance with the label. Simply put, consumers can feel confident
safely using Roundup products.”
The EPA did not respond to a request for comment.
Comparing the data
In conducting its analysis, FOE said it collected ingredient
information from the labels of Roundup products sold at Lowe’s and Home Depot –
two of the largest lawn and garden retailers in the US – between June and the
end of September of this year.
Several of the Roundup products on store shelves still
contained glyphosate, the organization said. But eight Roundup branded
herbicide products were made without glyphosate.
FOE said its comparative analysis of the toxicity of the
active chemical ingredients in the new and old Roundup formulations is based on
EPA’s assessment of the chronic toxicity of individual pesticide active
ingredients. The EPA does not routinely assess the combinations of chemicals
often used in the finished formulations sold to customers, FOE pointed
out.
But it does set what it calls a ‘chronic reference dose’ for
individual chemicals. The agency defines a reference dose as a daily oral
exposure humans can experience over a long period of time without any
“appreciable risk” of harmful effects. The measurement is the only data
available from the EPA on chronic toxicity of the different chemicals, FOE
said.
In addition to comparing the chronic reference dose data,
FOE said it took into account the concentration levels of each of the active
ingredient chemicals in the formulations.
The new Roundup formulations are also more harmful to the
environment than the glyphosate-based products have been, according to FOE. The
chemicals replacing glyphosate are “significantly more likely to harm bees,
birds, fish, earthworms, and aquatic organisms,” the group said.
A pervasive product
Glyphosate is the most heavily applied herbicide in
history, both in the US and globally and has been used by farmers as well as
consumers for more than 40 years. The chemical has been so widely used that
residues are pervasive in the environment – studies have found it in food and
drinking water, even in rainfall.
It’s also commonly found in human urine.
A new study published
in October underscored the ubiquitous nature of the chemical, finding the weed
killing chemical present in each of 99 air samples collected inside urban
households in New York and 15 other states. Prior studies similarly have found
glyphosate residues in household dust, despite the fact the chemical is not
used indoors.
Officials with Monsanto and Bayer have always assured the
public and regulators that when used as directed, exposure to the weedkiller
does not pose a threat to human health.
But scores of studies have found otherwise, and in 2015 the
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified it as a probable
human carcinogen. More than 100,000 people filed lawsuits after the IARC
decision blaming their cancers on use of the Monsanto/Bayer glyphosate
products, such as Roundup. Bayer has settled thousands of cases, and both won
and lost several more in trials around the US.
As of July of this year, Bayer had resolved roughly 114,000 of
172,000 Roundup cancer claims.
Last year, a coalition of farm worker, public health and
environmental advocates filed a legal petition with
the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) demanding the agency suspend
authorization glyphosate. The petition asserts that the chemical does not meet
the required safety standard set by federal law.
The EPA backs Bayer’s position that glyphosate is safe when
used as directed.